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Mesothelioma
Treatment Options - Chemotherapy,
Surgery, Radiation Therapy & Clinical
Trials
i)
Radiation
Therapy
Radiation
Therapy (radiotherapy) uses a high-dose
of radiation signals (ionizing radiation)
to kill or destroy cancerous tumors
within the lungs. Radiotherapy injures
the tumors in such a way that they
will not be able to grow and divide,
as well as not be able to enter the
bloodstream and flow to other parts
of the body. The type of radiation
used can range from neutrons, photons,
cobalt, high energy x-rays, etc. The
purpose of radiation therapy is to
either prevent future growth of malignant
tumors (where no cancerous cells are
currently present) and as a palliative
treatment to help ease the pain and
suffering created from the symptoms
of mesothelioma.
External radiation
as the name suggests uses a high energy
beam produced by a machine outside
of the body that targets the location
of malignant tumors within the lungs
inside of the body. The radiation
beams created will attempt to shrink
the malignant tumors inside of the
body; this process is also known as
neoadjuvant therapy. External radiation
may also be given after an initial
surgery is performed to prevent a
recurrence or regrowth of malignant
tumors within the body. This procedure
is also known as an adjuvant therapy.
External radiation therapy treatment
can last between 3-5 weeks taking
up about 5 days a week. Take a look
at the image below to see how an external
radiation machine works.
ii) Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
is the treatment of mesothelioma cancer
by the use of chemical substances.
It is the use of cytotoxic drugs to
build a standardized treatment regime.
Essentially the drugs are strong forms
of antibotics.
Purposes of Chemotherapy
Depending on the
age, health and when the person was
diagnoised with mesothelioma cancer,
chemotherapy can help in dramatic
ways.
* Chemotherapy can
stop or slow the growth of mesothelioma
cancer cells
* The therapy can reduce the size
of the tumor
* It can take away pain symptoms when
reducing the tumor is not expected
* Chemotherapy can destroy microsocopic
disease which remain after surgery
iii) Surgery
By
itself or in combination with pre
or post operative therapies, surgery
has had disappointing results for
people with mesothelioma. One treatment
known as pleurectomy opens up the
patients chest and then the doctor
removes the mesothelioma tumor from
the surface of the lung. Generally
this treatment is to lessen pain,
it is not a cure for mesothelioma.
However, if used in early treatment
combined with other forms of treatment
such as chemotherapy and radiation
therapy the patient's life can be
prolonged. This treatment does have
a low mortality rate when compared
to more invasive procedures such as
extrapleural pneumonectomy.
For patients in
the early stages of mesothelioma they
can use the radical surgery of extrapleural
pneumonectomy. In this procedure portions
of the lung are removed to drastically
reduce mesothelioma cancer cells.
This treatment does have the best
record of removing mesothelioma cancer
cells. However, this treatment is
drastic and their is a higher chance
of operative death than with pleurectomy.
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